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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical outcomes of posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (PPECD) for cervical disc herniation.@*Methods@#A total of 23 patients who underwent PPECD for cervical disc herniation at Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2014 to April 2016 were reviewed. The mean age of the 17 males and 6 females was 49.5 years (range from 31 to 61 years). All patients had unilateral upper limb radiating symptoms, 13 patients with right upper limb radiating pain and 10 patients with left upper limb radiation pain, 17 patients with neck pain symptoms. Responsible segment: left C4-5 1 case, right C4-5 2 cases, left C5-6 4 cases, right C5-6 8 cases, left C6-7 5 cases, right C6-7 3 example.Operating time, length of hospitalization, complications, neck and arm Visual analog scale(VAS), and Neck Disability Index(NDI) were evaluated. The excellent and good rate of surgery was evaluated by using the Odom criteria. Harrison method was used to measure cervical curvature. The Cobb angle of the surgical segment was measured on the X-ray, and the range of motion (ROM) was calculated. The changes of the cervical curvature and the surgical segment ROM were compared pre- and post-operation.@*Results@#The operation time was 94.1 min (range from 80 to 150 min). The average length of hospital stay was 4.8 days. The mean follow-up period was 23.5 months (range from 15 to 35 months). The preoperative arm VAS score was 6.95±0.88, 1-week postoperative arm VAS score was 2.09±0.67, the last follow-up arm VAS score was 1.04±0.98. The preoperative neck VAS score was 3.04±0.77, 1-week postoperative neck VAS score was 1.52±0.51 and the last follow-up neck VAS score was 0.61±0.78. The 1-week postoperative and last follow-up arm and neck VAS scores were significantly reduced compared with pre-operation (P<0.01). Compared with 1 week after surgery, the last follow-up of the arm and neck VAS score further reduced, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The preoperative NDI was (58.52±4.98)%, the 1-week postoperative NDI was (33.74±4.72)%, the last follow-up NDI was (19.22±3.23)%. The 1-week postoperative and last follow-up NDI was significantly improved compared with pre-operation (P<0.01). Compared with 1 week after surgery, the last follow-up of the NDI further improved, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The 1-week postoperative cervical curvature was (14.65±2.89)°, and it was improved compared with preoperative(14.23±3.06)°, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The last follow-up was cervical curvature(14.64±2.68)°, there was no significant difference compared with preoperative (P> 0.05). The preoperative surgical ROM was(5.37±1.83)°, 1-week postoperative was(5.53±1.52)°, and the last follow-up was (5.62±1.48)°, there was no significant difference pre-operative and post-operation (P> 0.05). The excellent and good rate was 91.3% (excellent in 16 cases, good in 5 cases, 2 cases). There was no nerve root injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, wound infection, and other complications.@*Conclusions@#PPECD is a sufficient and safe supplement for cervical disc herniation, its recent clinical efficacy was good. And it has no significant effect on cervical stability.
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Objective@#To explore the safety and validity of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy in patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia.@*Methods@#A total of 19 patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia suffered from sustained dysphagia were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy(CPM) group and endoscopic CPM (ECPM) group. Swallowing function and complications were evaluated.SPSS7.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#The swallowing function improved significantly in seven patients in ECPM group, and 9 patients improved in CPM group.The video fluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS)-swallowing score, VFSS-aspiration score and drinking test score were (3.1±1.1), (3.4±0.8) and (2.0±0.6)in post-ECPM, (3.4±1.4), (3.0±0.9) and (2.2±0.6)in post-CPM. No statistical difference was found in validity between CPM group and ECPM group(t=-0.435, t=1.086, t=-0.607, P>0.05). No statistical difference was observed on the occurrence of complication between two groups. Only one patient had subcutaneous emphysema after operation in ECPM.@*Conclusions@#New surgical instruments and endoscopic surgical technique were safe and effective for cricopharyngeal achalasia. Because these instruments are cheaper, laryngeal endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is easier to be popularized more easily than microscopic laser assistted CPM.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinic feature, pathology, therapy and prognosis of the sarcomatoid caricinoma or carcinosarcoma of the larynx.@*Methods@#We reviewed the clinical records of 7 patients with laryngeal carcinosarcoma /sarcomatoid caricinoma who were treated at our hospital between June 1996 and August 2016. All patients were men (mean age, 65.9 years; range, 52 to 94 years). Among 7 patients, 6 had a history of smoking; 2 underwent radiotherapy; and 5 patients who didn′t undergo radiotherapy complained of hoarseness. The glottis was the most frequent site of involvement. Most tumors exhibited a polypold or pedunculated gross morphology. Among the 5 patients who didn′t undergo a radiotherapy, 2 were in stage Ⅰ, 2 in stageⅡ, and 1 in stage Ⅲ. The other 2 cases underwent surgeries and radiotherapy were staged.@*Results@#All 7 patients received surgeries, without lymph node metastasis. All the tumors were pathologically carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid carcinoma. With immunohistochemistry examination, Vimetin was positive in all tumors, SMA positive in 3 tumors, S-100 positive in 1 tumors, but CD-68, HMB-45 or Myglobin was negative in all tumors. With follows-up from 3 months to 20 years, of 7 patients, 4 survived without recurrent, 1 dead, and 2 lost connection.@*Conclusions@#Both of the carcinosarcoma and the sarcomatoid carcinoma of larynx contain pathologically carcinoma and sarcoma. Surgery is the best choice for laryngeal sarcomatoid carcinoma, and these patients without a undergoing radiotherapy before surgery or these with little sarcoma in tumors show better prognosis.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate whether quinolinic acid(QA)induces autophagy in PC12 cells and its relationship with glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin related signaling path?ways. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol·L-1 for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Autophagy fluorescent spots labelled form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)was examined by LC3 immunostaining. The expressions of GSK-3β,β-catenin,LC3 and Beclin 1 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS QA inhibited PC12 cell survival in a concentration-dependent manner,and IC50 was 8.7 mmol · L- 1. Compared with normal control group,QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol · L-1 increased autophagic intracellular LC3 fluorescence spots,elevated the expression ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of Beclin 1 in PC12 cells(P<0.05). In addition,QA enhanced GSK-3βexpression and decreasedβ-catenin expression(P<0.05,P<0.01). CONCLUSION QA induces autophagy in PC12 cells. This mechanism may be associated with the activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin related signaling pathways.
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Aim To investigate the role of HIF-1 αin PC1 2 cell injury induced by quinolinic acid.Methods PC1 2 cells were treated with quinolinic acid at the do-ses of 2.5,5 and 1 0 mmol·L -1 ,the cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH as-say,the intracellular levels of oxygen species was measured by assessing SOD and MDA levels,cell ap-optosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining,the intracellular distribution of HIF-1 αwas examined by HIF-1 αimmunostaining,and the expressions of HIF-1 α,Akt,p-Akt,Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by im-munoblotting analysis.Results Quinolinic acid in-duced cell injury in PC1 2 cells in a dose-dependent manner,and potentiated oxygen radical production and cell apoptosis.In addition,quinolinic acid enhanced HIF-1 αexpression and accumulation in nuclei.The p-Akt expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased by quinolinc acid in PC1 2 cells.Conclusions HIF-1 αand Akt mediate qunolinc acid-induced cell apoptosis in PC1 2 cells.And cellular oxidative stress may con-tribute to the injury as well.
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Aim To investigate the expression and im-plication of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 in PC12 cell in-jury induced by lead acetate. Methods PC12 cells were treated with lead acetate at the doses of 100 , 200 and 400 μmol·L-1 . The cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH assay, the intracellu-lar production of oxygen species was measured by as-sessing SOD and MDA levels, cell apoptosis was deter-mined by Hoechst 33342 staining, the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 , Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Lead ac-etate induced cell injury in PC12 cells in a dose-de-pendent manner, and it potentiated oxygen radical pro-duction and cell apoptosis. In addition, lead acetate enhanced HIF-1α and ROCK-2 expressions, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased FoxM1 expression. Conclusion Lead acetate can induce PC12 cell apop-tosis, which may be related with the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 and FoxM1 . Cellular oxidative stress may contribute to the injury as well.
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Aim To investigate the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1α ( SDF-1α) on cell proliferation in primary cultured rat astrocytes and the possible mechanisms. Methods The primary cultured rat astr-cytes were treated with recombinant human SDF-1α at different concentrations, the cell proliferation was as-sessed by cell counting and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay;intracellular calcium concentration was detected with calcium sensitive fluorescent probe;phorphorylation of extracellular regulated protein ki-nase1/2 ( ERK1/2 ) was determined by Western blot analysis;cell cycle transition was analyzed by flow cy-tometry analysis; mRNA expressions of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results Treatment of astrocytes with SDF-1α (5 -40 nmol·L-1 ) for 48 h induced significant cell prolifera-tion. SDF-1α at 20 nmol·L-1 increased the intracel-lular calcium concentration and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In addition, SDF-1α at 20 nmol·L-1 pro-moted the cell cycle transition from G0 to S and M pha-ses, and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 . Conclusion SDF-1α significantly induces cell proliferation in primary cultured rat astro-cytes via enhancing calcium influx, ERK1/2 phospho-rylation, Cyclin expression and promoting cell cycle transition.
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To observe the effects of ethanol extract of Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata on the intracellular pH value of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells.
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An abnormal microenvironment which is not fit for the living of normal cells is induced and maintained due to rapid growth, abnormal energy metabolism and self-regulation of specific proteins of the tumor cells. At the same time, the abnormal microenvironment is the guarantee of the neoplastic transformation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The microenvironment mainly consists of interstitial cells and their components. There are correlations between the physiological role of body fluid and the physiological functions of microenvironment. Phlegm is the product of abnormal body fluid metabolism. So to discuss the correlations of them may contribute to clarifying the material base of phlegm and will further give new insight for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in cancer research.
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Objective To study the effects of methylmercury chloride(MMC) on protein kinase C(PKC) activities in rat developing cerebellum.Methods The animals in experimental groups were fed standard rat chow with(0.75 mg) MMC(ExpⅠ),1.5 mg MMC(ExpⅡ) and 3.0 mg MMC(ExpⅢ)respectively for 90 d before gestation to(30 d) post parturition.Cerebella of pups from each group on postnatal days(PND) 3,7,17,21 and 30 were dissected. All the samples were separated into cytosol and membrane subcellular fractions and assayed for PKC activity by the improved method from Takai′s.Results Membrane and cytosolic PKC activities of pups′ cerebella from certain experimental groups were significantly higher than those of corresponding control group,PKC activities of rats from ExpⅡ,ExpⅢ and PND 3,7,14 in ExpⅠwere significantly higher than those in control group((P
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OBJECTIVE To discuss how to strengthen detail management to control hospital infection in operating room. METHODS The consciousness of controlling hospital infection,detail management as the key,integration of daily supervision examination with periodic inspection test and assessment,perfecting the detail management mechanism of hospital infection,and executing operation rules strictly were carried out. RESULTS The knowledge of hospital infection in staff members was improved,working efficiency raised,nursing level increased obviously,and the sterile operation infection rate dropped down. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening detail management is good for hospital infection control in operating room.
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OBJECTIVE:To apply the kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test to the endotoxin assay of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection.METHODS:The16-fold dilution of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was prepared.The content of bacterial endotoxin in Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was determined with kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test after screen test and validation test.RESULTS:The16-fold dilution of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was effective to e?liminate the interference in Limulus test.The average recovery was in the range of50%～200%.CONCLUSION:The kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test provides a new and quick method for the quantitative determination of bacterial endotoxin in Levo?carnitine sodium chloride injection.
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AIM To observe the effect of aspirin on a model of Alzheimers disease in rats and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The AD pathological model was made by hippocampal CA 1 lesions with stereotaxic mini-injection of quinolinic acid;the rats learning and memory was observed by Y-maze; the apoptosis of hippocampal cells were detected by using flow cytometry and electronic microscope; the content of calcium in AD rats hippocampus was determined by atomic absortion spectrophotometer. RESULTS Aspirin was shown to improve learning and memory deficiency in rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions induced by quinolinc acid, to decrease apoptosis rate in hippocampal cells significantly and to reduce the concentration of calcium in hippocampus. CONCLUSION The protective effects of aspirin on a model of AD in rats may be involved in antagonism of calcium and inhibition of apoptosis in hippocampal cells induced by quinolinic acid.